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ҵȻȥīֱֱֻӰڵ洫˽
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Ƶ˳īԻ⡣ 
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һԸеĳȹһ裬ī㵱Ӧˣõ
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īƵǰҴпĿĵʵʮ
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ī̾˿˵ˣôԼɣԼһҲɣɶ
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һЦ˵Եʮǣʮ绢ʮ϶
˰ɣΧϲ˾ͺܶŶС 
ī˵һûˡǲңΪɣǷ棬Щ
ˣ˵ҲûʲôҸϲңǣ˺Ϲ
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˵ˣǰ˵šʲôôϲ
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ʹңΪĻ顭ȻҲȫΪһ
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һԴӣīԽĸо˵ҵӰɣʱ
濴ǰ̣ѹ˿Ǻ«ִͣ͵ĸоˮ
´ţԴ·ʱѹ˲ܿ󣬹
 
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ŤͷͷīԽĸоϸ΢˵ҵƨ۶
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ӵ˺ͽӣڽ˺֮ĺӶһС
ܶ࣬˺ӵĶ棬ԽкӶ 
߸ӶСҲһ
͡ԭӶ൱ԣǱеṤҵдССʮ
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˫ľ´塻 
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ҽǮǰģдһǧǷʵԴ˱ʾ
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˽ôǰǰϼһоȫ˳ˣ
ԼˣҪصǵī㣬ʽΪ
ūΪīӸһƷŮū 
 ޽Ⱥ 
һ԰ 
ʱҼһΪ԰ģѣȺǣƳȺܣǷҵԼУȺߵǷޣɶʵ벻ˣ֮ĵͦͶԵȺñ㵱ȺȺ˳ˣѽȺģѣѺŽңҵڳ˵ڶȺûֱýȺģѣѺţȺȻȺͬʱ˺üȺ 
ҳΪڶȺʱһҵ˿гʱ䣬ȺӪøˣۺϽˣݣΪ޽ѣ˼ȺڵŮԳԱޣȷӽ˸ˣΪʵۻȺ 
νʵۻᣬǳԷ裬ĲһԼ͸׼ˣһڣˣԣһĸо˾ȥȦ׳һȺзޡŮУۻķǵУͨһٿǮȥĵطĻʮһ١ 
ʱ˵Ǹ֯Ⱥľۻᣬ֯˶ೡۻᣬʶˣһС龫ֶŶյһŮһɡ磬ˬһλ硣 
ȺԽԽ𣬾ۻĹģԽԽյǮԽԽ࣬ȷʵʣһ֣ۺ˵֯ۻΪƭǮôһ˵ѡţȺﱳƭӵ۵СΪҵжСֻ˳ȺֻýȺģѣѺ˹ΪȺԼȺȺģѣѺŽɡ硣 
˳԰֮󣬴˺ĽżϼȺģѣѺţ¼ûȺĹ졣 
뵽ͨī͡ĸع顸԰Բ϶згйŵĻѣһ뷨ֻһһĥĥڡ԰ͦźһƷŮūɴֲڡ԰µź 
ĵضȺһ˽⡣ɡȻȺҵĹ·ȺģѣѲߣȺǹȺĴ޽ѣƫˣʵʵڸûȷ⣬ȷע˲ӵСȺԱУ࣬˳ȺģΪߣһԱǺӽģһֱȺˣö඼Ѳϣѣˡ 
˽ȺȺ죬ӻԾ죬һעЩʧط֣Ȼȥ˰꣬Ⱥ˶Ѳǵҡ 
ϰõϣѣѣһֱûֻϰװѣѣȺ죬ֺܶ๦ܣԶٵͼֻֻ¼ѣʱáذװֻѣѣ֪ڵֻѣѣ΢һ̶ܹڵ¼״̬ 
ֻȺ죬ȻȺ˶Ѳǵˣ˲֪ôֲźˣתһĥȺһźûԸ˵Ĺ̶ѣҲֲֻźǱſʼģī͡ĸӽȺ 
ĸ͸ˣ˺ţϵˣˡ԰ҽīʶˣĸͷʾҵūȺ˵Ҳҵģ 
ī͡ĸȺʵ˵ˣʮ·Ůܶ˳ҵĿζأī͡ĸȺ¶˶չʾպĵƵȺ˲˵ҿζˣΪĽʺޡ 
źõ㣬ҵǵ⣬ī͡ĸȺ˹ҪʽȺ﷢ƬƵҫƼƷŮū 
ҵʾī͡ĸڽȺ֮ǰѣΪ˾ܼӺѣܶ˼ҵģѣѣöлл˵оӦƵġɴʶ԰ȺҹʱȺԱ½˼ʴΣԣΪߣӽȺȺԱ·ȫߡ 
룬󲿷ֺȺȺԱ·ȫߣȶ·ĸɣĽʺ޵ǿͨҫֲźī㡢ĸȺһֱ 
ֱ 
īʮ꣬÷ǳᣬסģؼģȳұֱ˿߸ʱ൱ջīңһ˿̿װߵҵſڣſϣһѶȵһīƻֻһƵ󷢵Ⱥ 
Ϊ̿Ϸı־ͣī߽ΪҵĶԣҸ߽ԣֻתǽǽһŵȤ߸Ь˶ƵȺ 
ҷϢ˵ī㣬ȺҲн̵ģ֮һλŮջ״ȣԣ˺ö˿͸߸ЬȺ˵ˣҪī֯ۻᣬ黹ûȫȥأľɣ˭μӾۻᣬȸī˿͸߸Ьϸڵȷ˽ġʱīѵֻʣ¸߸Ьſ˵ذϣһֻһī㣬һĺõƵûĵīƵȺŷһϢ 
ѣѺûֱҲ̫϶ụֱ̂ȺԻľƬƵȺɣ⻶ӭ̴⡣ҽīƻֻŷŵ̨ϣùרƨɵƤߵſŵī󣬺ǳ߾ѩ׵ķΣ˫ţƤƤų˰ƨɡ 
īǳϲݺݳƨɣƬѩ׷ƨˣһֻ߸Ьӽˤ˳ȥˮȫ˱̵״̬ 
˵һǿūϵĵƤҵ˷ڲŰϣһŵĴʽټͣǳī㽫ټϵöֿṹıִһ˫ϸ߸ЬͿȤ˫˱󣬸Ȧǳƨɹſϡ 
īڣ¥˵һ沢ңǿīԼһסûһҾߣΪ˽Ĺ䣬ȸˣÿΪңҸīϲ˵̣ģϵʽΪ˵ңһ¹񣬰ڵ˱ǽߣʱõ·ȤƷŵ¹ʮ˫Ȥ߸ЬڵǽߣõŵӡļܵƷ 
ǳīſòҶ߳˿ڲϵҵֻ·ѵ˿ɳϣֻŶ̿߻ԣ㿪ֻ¼ģѣѣһˣѣƵļܷŵǽߣֻźõļϡ 
ץסһߵī㣬ϴֱקŹǳ泯ֻƨվãקĿ򣬡Ĵ˱ƣHƨ۶HŻͦģϴɾ𣿡ī㴭˼˽˵ˣ֮ǰϴɾˡˮ೦ʮΡϴ÷ǳмŶְǿѱ˵ƬΣնȻϴɾͿĨͣߵڱǽߵļ¹ǰóһףѼͦļϣߵī󣬽ͱնڣһһץŹҵHƨۡ 
ī㷢˴˽У΢ͷңԽīҼ򣬿ǰֻȫģѣƵУīͷ˽ţϵıְִֻӣص˦š 
Hһ٣ɿ֣žžƨɣӾն˼ͣɿץŹ֣קǰߣúܽıס 
īȻҪ߳ˣ˵˵ϣ￺ܵشлţ˫ȳ鴤ߵţϵֻȤ߸Ь˦ˡ 
ùһְĦ⿪˽ī˫ڱȤڵذϣýŲסһȵڲ࣬ǿ壬Ħʹλã𶯿أӣīͺŴﵽ˸߳Ҹ߳ʱʧˣʪ˺ôһƬذ塣 
ĵ̶ī˵ζԶأ˵˷ܣص㲻ȺͼƬʽֱⳡ̣ͨѣƵֱǡĸ 
ī롸ĸʶˣǳˣؼʮ·Ůĸ̵ֱֳīоǿҵУ˸ǿҵ˷ܸС 
ϵ̶ģӺͣĵ̣оĥȷĹ̶·һƨɡHƨۣҺīȷĹ̶·ÿζ̶·棬˫ò̼ڹ̶·ĻҪ⣬εڸĸֱֳͬʱĸԷͼʽȺֱ 
ڴ̨ϵīֻĻ㿪ѣȺġĸһ߹ۿƵֱһͼʽȺ﷢ŽͼȺԳԱǣҵţ˵ʲôĶУﶼĽʺޣƵмʮ 
ҡͷ̾˿ҹʮǰ԰Ľ˺üʴΣȺԱߣ·ȫĻ˿ڵذϵī㣬ѻϻ˹Һǳڵذϣīֻ˼Ƭ˿û¶ͼʽȺԸīɾذ塣 
Ⱥ۸ˣ׷ĸҪ󣬶زʵʵ뷨ֱҴ˵̻ûֻ꣬ŷŵ˴̨ϣߵǽߵһŸ߸Ьǰһ˫ɫĸ߸Ь 
𶯸߸Ь 
˫ɫ߸ЬϸûϣЬǰ벿ԲͲ״еرȤЬװЬеغУװڵء 
īʱѲɾ˵ذ壬Һǳѹ·ȥ裬𶯸߸Ьŵ̨ϣߵڱǽߵļ¹ǰóƷɳƵУī漴һ˿ҵ߽˽ɳù 
žɵɳΣǴҼҰģǴͳĵΣֹܿܣؽʵ֣תǰɵλġ 
Ƚīȣɳεҷϣֽӿϣīֻܲ濪˫ȿɳֻԲεͷһǿͷУһ״Ρ 
һ·ļϵֻ˿ī˻ҵһ֧վǰĸһһī¼̬ڴ̨ϵ˫𶯸߸ЬһֻЬǰˣתƨоһµ𶯿أȴһֻ߸Ь𶯣Ьʹϡ 
ī㷢˼˽УʹҧסĹ״Σûٷ˽˲һʹֻ㣬ƽ̹Сس鴤ţҪ߳ˣһæÿ˰ϵĸ߸Ь 
īĹ״ΣһӴֵСǷֹܵǿҵĴ̼ʱ᱾ܵʱҧסСӰ˵ 
ҪҪˡҪÿҰɡǼĸɧӡҰɡø߸ЬЬƣī۰׵ϣžžس˼£Ÿ߳ԽԽɧˣԼú˵˵жɧɧĸӻ¼ϳʱ˼ҸHˣúܶHҶʮõûܱHǸ˾ͿHҡˣ̫ˣˣҰɡҽ𶯸߸ЬЬ⣬ʹϣ𶯿أҲһӣīҪ߳ˣȻͻȻÿ˸߸Ьø߸ЬЬƣȽĴ˷߳Ŀǿд˻ȥīܲˡ 
ˣҵ˰ɡˣԺôҶԡˣξҵ˰ɡҳʵɧô㶼ԣǰɣϹǰ㣬Բԡ˿ϹǰҡHҡԡҶӵǰHҡˣ̫ˣˡҵ˰ɡʵ㻹иŮѾʮˣŮôɧŮ϶ҲǳɧһHɣвУСŮȷʵɧһҲϲ˿࡭ľһĸһ˵ĸɡˣĲˣˣҵ߳ɡīǲˣҽɳϽץͷϽ䣬ԡͷˮͷضһٳ壬ǿ˳ǳɾ壬һصԣһ˿ȹװ 
ڵļϵֻԸīɳϣͷ˻иҪȥHһθ߳㲻ˣ׶ȹװٴһ£컨ÿ춼ҪеĶֱһֱţһ˫𶯸߸ЬοȻÿֱ˷οҪǿ˫߸Ь𣿡īɳվϹҵǰſͷ˵ϲˣһɧū˷ĵȥɣһġҺ͡ĸȻˣˣΪ໥Ŷоʲôԣʵѵĸо̿Ϊһֽɫݣε̻һģβ˵ҪȥHĸΪ˰Ϸ 
˵µһ¥߳ˣ¥¥ţ¥гϣͳֻ㿪īѿ˶ֱҴӼҰᵽҵɳΣڵ˴̨Աߣϴ컨ϻһ˫ǳɫ˿࣬ûд߸Ьȴӷϣֻ˿쵽̨ԣһֻ𶯸߸Ь 
ġӱ𡸿԰ 
һֱڡ԰Ⱥ˽㣬ԼȺﲢϣѣѵ˶ǣʼȺѲǺѵ¼ˣѣѺѣǺѵ졣 
ԣΪߣȺ˶ǣһָϵĶ˵īȺԼȺУȷǵŮūΪûȺֵңȻƷŮūȺ£Ϊ˲Ƴ 
ǰ˳԰ȺʱƭӵԭǵʱΪǸ˿һصȺ£ǵļƷŮū˵˻Ⱥ˷ʵô˵ˣȻȺ˶ǣû˵ƭˣȺͬʱˡΪƭӣԭΪڳ 
ȦӺʵȦһģɴǸпʶûҪߵ֤֮ǰ˵згŵЩֻҪߵ֪ǮˣʲôǺġ 
ʱ򣬡԰ȺͻȻٷˡԭ򣬽Ӻˣ·ݣÿʱҪƳѣȺܾ˵ġ԰Ⱥûȶһε 
ͷ㣬԰ȺѴˣ꣬ǳͻȻرˣҲú˸Уת룬԰ĻԻʹ棬˵ҿģʱ꣬һصȺֲźóҪ򣬡԰漴ͱϵͳˣҲΪˣ֮õѣȺʶ뿪İȺԱʴͣѲֵĻԻͣȵҵĻع飬սԼڴؽһ԰ 
һѣѺѣӡ̵ŮѣںҲ;ȷϵԼΪ 
ŵóһϸĥĥͿ죶·ˣѻǰҪ£һǹīģϵų˵Ļɣؽ԰²żҲûҪ£һڽУڶȷôˣܼ򵥣˾Ǯ˾ˡʵʻǸ˿¿ĻΪֻǣ壳ֻҪͳ˶ʱһߵ˾Ǯˡֻװ˽͵δʹõֻĸ͵Ҳûֻ͸ͷáֻ͡͸εĶСΡ֮ǰڴţʱ˵СδӵλһΪֻ 
ڡ˫ľ´塹ʶˣμҳ٩ʱʶģ洫˽ʶˣСν΢Ⱥʶģܸμҵĳϵϡ 
õö˰Сֻĳŵڱ˵ǣī͵ĶʮӺšΡ 
Ե˿·ǧǮȥ˸ջָӪҵķװǣõ˶Ӧ·ȥ˸˧ķͣһ·վһȷʵ˧Ҳˡ 
СαʾҪҳԷҳô˶Ǹ˵볣ҳ٩һһ١θӶǸʵˣǰ˵꣬ŪһѵľƲˣ˳ſڵСԺѳ٩ʮ˶ˡ 
˵ʵͣҳû˵鵥λ˴٣Ѻϻ˱Ǯѻλˣ󹤳ͣˣܶ൥λһԱͣнְҵɴͣнְĥŸɸʲô 
һߵī㣬һߵμҵĳ٩ǿѶ˵Ļ˲죬˶ҳǮˣԲ˶Ļѣͬʱī̳ҵū 
֮ǰֻ˵ԣû˵䣬¸ûʲôʲôˣǹҽ۾Сǹҽиո磬ŶΪǮˣµ˸ŽҸո磬곤߽ҳƺΪСԣ۾ֻʣΡ 
ԻرܣûرܣȺг˽㣬˻ʵҶˣī㵱ȻʡŸԽԽ죬ҵѣǣģҲҳƺΪ˸ո磬ȷʵᣬɴ˵Ҳǣġ 
塢ſʹ¿ 
īܣǸҵֵҸ˫ľ´塹治Զؽ԰һ˶լУ֪سӣӼʣӡƴࡹ˫ܲЬһ˶װؽ԰˲ 
һȫΧסˣΪͻȻĩⴳûܻϼҹ꣬һһɻϼҿСȳλɽϼңī˹ϼҡ 
ī˵ҪҲܻķӷ©ˮ¹ʣǰŵԿ׸ңϼڼٷ©ˮҹȥæ 
ʮĲܣҵܲĸо꣬ûȥܲˣҲûȥμҳ٩ˣļֵ¼װڵԵġſʹ桹ֿڹ׶Σ£ʽֽСɫ 
˽ͨһܿһſʹ桹ԭֻһǰ˴ֵĻֱӾûˡȻһƳһڼн弶Ļڼļ쵽ʵｱƷ͵ǴߵǻΪ壳ֻ˽ĺϴѣֹ˻黳 
ţûٿʲôнûһˡҵȻɴעһϷ˺ţһʦɫһСʱ֣Ϸ汾˵ǣ棬ϷŻ֮ǰеĺܶرã編ʦл֩룬ȫȡˣȷΪ˴ŵĽҰ洫˽ 
ڹ˺ܶˣʱ˶ൽ˱˽Կƻ𱬡嵽¿ĻΪֻδʽ˾Ͷൽ˻𱬣ȻΪԵɣ֮ܶǰû档 
˽죬˲죬ջܣδ֪УѪľͶǳ棬ͼһȫˣšࡹֻɫ׬ҡ 
ˣҷһ£գǣШԹǿˣֻһ£סķʦĶШҲٻШ꣬öһ£Шֱ꣬Ӿס£ϣӣӹֵİҰðסһ֣洫ľ飬ĥһ£Ш˻þ㡣 
þ㶼Ǹ߼֣еĵطﲻܼãҪȹþԹܶ˲ߣãûˡ 
Ш꣬ڻã죬ˣ˺ܶװǰסĥĥʱȲˣ˴򵽵װ 
ſʹ桹Ұ洫˽ҲǿǮҵ֡ڼ嵽һΪ壳װԽó弶Խ죬ܶ˳˽ңװһ˲죬Ҫװȫ˳ȥˣҡ 
ͣˣźüûˣԷСǳѣȵظҾһ֧̣ҽſʹ桹¸˷ܵ˵ϻؼҾ棬˴ɺȾơ 
ĿȶһƿơƣҺǰıӵƣؾһԵúܸп˵磬ʶ;øͶԵһͬ꣬ǾľƣҲϵĴѧҵȥϷֻص˶ѧĳУǺǺǡ־ҼƣͷЩε˵磬öΪǺᣬ治ǡǰΪ˳ܴ죬ڵķӣ˶ѧĳУʱķ֪бǮҽǮеĸϢɴ˴ڰţҲԼǻڵģͷҪöΪǺᡣһϷʶѣںӶ־ϰ࣬һǷҽһ̾ٽ 
ʶˣһ˶ٷһĶǣĩϷҴٽҲҳƺΪ˸硣 
˽ԻǮתְķʦҽֵģ£գǸǣˣòҴˣΪ˸ġǣȥãװ򵽵ķʦװ 
ˣң۽ˣҷָǸңĸĻþġְսʿġְǵʿתְתΪˡְһսһа˻ãܹҩǮǰ춼ˣ 
նҽ˵΢ţջַһ죬յһ¿ĻΪֻһ˶ٷԼʽһ棬ǵȡһʽ棬еû¼ˣòˣС˼ 
İһСţҴ˵һĸӣҲ̫ŵش˰켶˸Ƶ֤Ҫӻ΢źѣƵȻһĸӣԼʮ꣬Լʮ꣬ģ̬ķ 
һ죬˴֮ĸоϤˣһ洫˽ĸеĶӣϷ˰Ϊʦ󹧾ҳƺΪʦҹСݣ˵ģƺǴĿԵظңꣴ꣬쵥һķջǣű֡ 
С˽ϸضҽ裬ȻǴĿԣ󵥶Ϸʱõˣ˷ܵ˵ǿҵᣬǳܰH衣 
    
һ߸ѥ 
ǰڴѧʦУԱΪ
ˣоǹʵͣڴѧĹԼڴѧһС͵꣬
ٺļ޸Ҽ̸ϼһǮ迪һտꡣ 
ʦƵ￴ˣ൱غƨɶܴƤ
ܰۡһ㰫ƨرŮ˶ϲ磬
괩Ǹ߸Ьϲ߸ѥҲѥоĸ߸Ь 
ǰĴѧԡأ̹ԡԡأҲѧţ
غʹ蹤ƱշѣһƱԱһƱԱǮƱŵƱ
ƱƱλ̣趼죬ǰȥϴ衣 
ԡ㣬¥ԡأҴСѧʼʼȥĴѧԡ
ϴ裬ȥ¥ԡϴ裬ʱʱЩѧ˵
贩Ÿ߸ѥŤĴƨɣ¥¥;̲סر
ӲˣϽסᣬƨɰϣǵ
ͣӺHĴʱơ 
ʱ˵ģ贩Ÿ߸ѥǵļ
ݺHؼۡеһ˵
һˮߣǵĴ󼦰͡ 
ĻˣҲ֪ôģʱҲ֪
򣬷֪ɻˣߣʱԻ룬Լ豻H
龰˷ܵģ裬źɫĸ߸ѥ˺ݺݵH
 
磬СϷߣ漴΢Ƶ
 
һʱûӦֻõǰϸ˿Сݳðװ
ģоͷߣ㶫˵òԣǴζͨ 
Сݽôᣬϸֳ˿ܵɫҲ֪ô
Ӧ֧ʵˣˣ 
Ҽҹ㶫ģòְ֡ҵְ֣Ǳ׼㶫˵ò
ҵĺƤ衭Ӳ̫ߣƤ𪣬ķ
ƨִַǣű֡ 
һûзӦʵô裬һĴ˽
赱ʢ棿 
û棬һϷʱʢѾûˣ
кܶ洫˽ˣҵһֵܣŶҶǽ磬һ˽
˽Сſʹ桻˽ǳ弶ֻ
͸һˣ棬о첻ֻѾ
 
ҹ˱Ƶʹ˺ؽ䣬ĥһȻЩ
֧ʵЩ뷨ʵֹ𣿡 
ûʵֹǰСҲСлᵫҳԡ
ļˣҸ߶ѧڿʼסУˣȿϴѧȻҲסУȻͬ
ϴѧؼҵʱˣؼϹҵӴˣȴû˻
 
оʱӦˣʵֻƵһС
ƬƵ𣿵ȻԽԸеԽ 
СݻӦУ΢ϴĶƵŶԸУ
Ҷ˸߸Ь 
ҲʵôôԸƵ 
ļ޺˼տ꣬鷹겻ÿӪҵҲã
ɴ಻ˣϼһͦǮģԺҲʲôˣ˺ö
ƵȦҫǮǰͦƲ 
룬ʵղ˵ģ뷨ѧʱģǰɣ
ǴѧˣӦ˰ɣ 
ǵģڿһʦ͵ģҴʮң
СʮңˣΪūĸŪ
ұHּȻҪҵ裬Ÿ߸ѥ
ĴƨɣܶH 
˵ˣ϶Ҳˣʦ
˰ɣ 
ʦҽϴɡһֱһλ磬Hҵ
裬Ϊһ 
˰ֹ٣СӲǸأǸŻеԲз
 
˸㶣ڵֻ˵û棬
϶ܸоҾװҲᰡ 
Ҹод緶ѽſʹ桻˽˵
˾Ǻڵ磬ϷĴŶǴܶŶո磬
϶ǴҲո磬Բ 
˵ΪǴǻңҵֵĽݾ
ӿʼſʹ桻ʵУʵǸ֤ûе
˿ 
ֻ룬һӦôƺҶУʲôУѣ
ǼϣѣѺѰɣ΢ֻֻ¼ѣѵԡֻϣ˽ֻ
ڵ棬һ洫ӣѣѸ㡣 
ˣѣѺѣҳûҶ΢Ƶڣѣϴֵмµ
ȥ죬ѣϼİɣˣڼûȥѧıҵ˰ɣ 
СݴֻӦõģٺϴΪ飬ûȥѧˣ
ҪٹٲȥѧУ 
.
·ҽ 
һڴϣֻȻˣһīĵ绰Ͻֻ
˽ͨ 
īеһҵĽЩ˸е˵ɽײˣ
û֮Ҳ׵һԥ־ĸȰ˵Ǿ
ϼȥɽϼңðҲܻ 
īͨڴ룬ǰī˹
ϼҿʼżʼӽ˫Ŀģؽ԰˲ʮ죬
غûɶ仯ܿʼˣһǧˣ
ꡣڼ֣ͣˣī㻹ð²ܻȥܲɣ 
Լ˶緹ˣôӡƴࡹܲװ
ؽ԰ճԱܾ˶˲˳Žߵİ·
ԼСʱʶķҽ 
ǰģоȥ˵¹ѧϵҽƴѧһֱʿ
عɵҽԺҷݸнڴС뵱̾ӦƸķʽ
˷ҽȻܵ˸ߴ 
ڵ¹ʮ꣬Ũҵĵ·ĸߴǿ׳屶ֱ
һĽ۾ú˧Ļϣ̸ֹ¶к½
أйɣÿϺ϶ؽ԰ܲҹ̶ܹһס 
ǳѣ໥кЩʵǣţ
զܲˣ 
ָָŵģٽ˸֧ӳ쵼
԰򡣡ͳ̵ݸһ֧ո磬һɣ 
ϣӣսݹĴ̣ų̣
죬ҸƽͷգòμӰɣ 
ٽոģ̣ƲƲ˵쵼
˵ѣ 
ؽ԰кü򳡣Ȧ֣Һһ
ٽʮѾˣҲڣ˼ˣЬ
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ΪԱ 
ٽⳡǣһӵĶŸ򣬶һ˺
򣬵Ȼ÷ǳˣʵʲɫѺڣҡ
ٽĳ뿪԰ֱ֮ǰġһԪ 
Ҵɵϰ죬˾䰴·ϲˣٽź
ѩ˵պȾҪٽȻϲȾƣҸ
ڴ⣬¶˲֮ɫ 
ٽ˲죬æԲ÷Ա˻ȥ
ͳ̳һ֧ȵݸңո磬ɣص÷ǳãܴ
˳ŵ 
Եŵżڽǰ棬Ҵ볡ǿ˹
ѾûԱˡ 
ȡϰԵͷѧѧڰӶ油Ϊ
ϳʲôλö߹Աû⵱ԾŶʵó
ǰ棬ԾߵòǺǺǡ 
ٽǣģʮ͵֧ӵĸ֧ӳνΪ
һСһ 
ղŵĲ۹ȥˣٽҲͻЦֲĸ
ǰıεϲ裬²˵ո磬ĩ׼߸ӵĴ󳡣
·ѧԺߣصͦģû¶һ߰ɣ 
Уҵͷʾ˴Ӧ鲻Խ˵ѽҸסӶ
ʱȥ·ѧԺ򣬺ȥϷûֻˣڵġ˫ľ´塻
·ѧԺ˫ľֵΧڣֻվأһпʮ꣬û
ȥ·ѧԺ 
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˵ӶȫĹҵмʮҹӦҵ
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УڹѾΪ֪ʷۻ
ɡ 
ĸ˱߳漴ٽ
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йš 
ٽ˸֧ӳڵٵ򣬸
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ǳԶԼй飬˽һؽӴ
ʶٽٳѱпԲѣȻ
͸¶˶ٽıӡ 
˳ˡһԪԻ˼ңҴ߽СϼƵ
Բһ·ˣԺٽӴܲñȥ֤ûеĺڻ
˼̾һ棬̫пܳΪѣ컹Ҫһ˽
ŸоɡʲˣԺҪѴ 
.
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ϣҺСˣѣƵĻ⣬ֻ
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ҿʮƵ˵ƵΪȦ
ҫǸЩƵĵúˣо裬Ӧƽʱװĺ
ʵĺɧŮˣ԰ɣ 
С¶ܵ˵ǵģʦո磡о
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װĺʵĺɧһ㶼ûд 
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ĴѧԶΪҼѧԶʱ˻û˹Ҷ
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ϲܣڿ͵꣬û˸ 
Сݽ˵蹴һѻǮУڵĺ֡
ҲǴӰڵɻʼģûôˣһ·
¾ܸ˴ܰ˼Ҵһ첲˼ұˣ
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ʾԵʵܶͣôģ 
ʱǶʮɣָ׳͵Ȼܴ󣬲
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HƣĶˣɻڽ
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ʾԵ˵㽲һΣӡ̵ľ 
ţһΰɣϿΣҪȥϰ֮࣬ǰȥ
Ŀ͵Է迪Ŀ͵꣬Ӹһӣ
ҪԷ˵Ȼ档ȥˣѾˣ
裬ȻҾԷܼ裬ǶΪû
 
ո磬֮ǰ˵ϲ߸ѥҲѥоĸ
Ьڵɻû߸Ьʱһ˫ƽѥʽЬɫģ
ѥӵСм䣬ǰ¶ֺ 
ҲԵ˷ܵ㣬Һص˵εľ 
ȥ裬ڿ֣Ǵҵ֮ǰڿ
Ѿѵˣ贩һȹӣȻԷǲ
Ӻժˣܰһֻ֣쵽贩ȹֿ
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Ŷıƺܷʣëܣֵָܴǿ
ķʱƣʹذǿģȻһֻҲȥˣֵܴʳָ
١Ҿţ赱Ȼҷʹҧס촽
ҵǰ棬Ը˷ܣ˲ʱ䣬ʹ
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Сݺüˣ鲻Խߣ˼ͣҴʾԵش
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ŶʱϳУûڴǷ͵극
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СݽξѾܵزˣѹ·ߣ˼ͣҰ
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ܵؽлˣϢŻ˺һСδ˵ո磬
Ϳ϶ܴƵҲ򿪣һߣĴ󼦰ͣһҺ
 
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.
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Ҳɵ˵ǰɣ谡Сӹ̬ģ 
̬ġҴĸ߸ѥ֡
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Ҳɵ׷ʵôĻ㲻Сū𣿡 
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Ůѣ贽㣬ȥҼϷȻź 
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СݵͷӦո磬˾ȷʵ˵ôأ 
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첽ߵСţվϲǽǣͳֻ㿪С֮ǰ
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˼ǿңǸٶHңڽ棬Ȼ·
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ô˵ԣ׵ܣҲҵЬҲ
ˣû˿ϼ޸ɶҷйʱҰǹHһ٣
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һĺҹ齫ȵģڴ˯أͻ
Ȼקһҵڿ㳶ȥˣҿŹ˵ؾ
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ֻøڽʱһɶڻֻẬס˼촽ߣֺ
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С 
Ȼоͦ䣬˿ţʶȻǣѮ
ûôţ֪ص졣 
û·ҵ㿪ˡƴࡹױ˵＾װ
ţ߼šƴࡹҲ֪㵽ģһƼ
ʶˡѡиսֻ浽绰κϼ 
һáƴࡹƼȥ˼΢źѵ룬漴
ͨ㿪κϼȦȻ˺ܶԸƵΪ֮ǰ
ЩƵȻǴ΢صġ 
.
һ 
ſʹ桹֮ǰˣھΪʿһ
֮ǰΪҷ˺ܶˣ˽ˣ󲿷ѧ
ô棬ķʦˣϷǴţܶ
Ϸ˺Ϊ˵¡ܣҲǸ
УԶСƦӣûҪŪǲأûǣ
Ϸк 
ʶһأֽФģϸ߶˺΢ź
ѣƵΣ⺢ӳͦ˧ݣƤ𪣬ǳǿң
ڴģС˵ͣƬûȷýΪ
ҵģ˲죬ͨ΢š 
˵ɹ΢źѣФ˷ܣ˵
ǣģˣڴѧʳùԲʳ
ô򷹴裬÷ǳԸƯʷǳãᵯ٣շ
Ůţһ߶ķ֣ȳش
ȻƨҲǳջĲλĴƨɡ 
˵΢ȦƬƵȷʵǳԸ
ջϣôأ 
Ф鲻Խߣ˼ͣܵشϢ˵Ҷǿĵģ
Ƭ󡭡ƬŮҵ衭ŶڿⲿƬ
ŪŮǡЩ衭ŶŶ 
εҡҡĥ˸ôģФܵؽл˼
һԼߣˣﴭϢϢһ˵һ
ȥ䴦 
ûĥһФص˵ǰҴԵʵ
ôԸУ϶кܶHûۿH 
Ф˵ҿҰְH裬ܶΣС
ѧʱҼصģյʱסķӺСסӺҰ
סӣֻһǽмһţҰְǿģҹ
ؼңΪҿ϶˯ˣؼҾH衭 
⺢ӲϵҰֹһ䣬ֻ˳ФĻ
ʵְֶôH裿 
ӸߣķƨɴҰְֺʱ򣬶ǹʽ
ǰſţĴƨɣҰְִӺHšҰ
ֶһHһߴĴƨɣץĴӡ 
ұŪò֪˵ʲôˣФ˳˼·˵šҰְH
ƣҾ̼ͦģHʱҲHɡ
ͦģûбҰְ֮H 
⺢Ǹжǲѣֹһ䣬ȷʵ
˵Һ΢źѣûܸ죬ҵܸϣ
пH 
⻰̫ʣҼæҲܸϣӦú
HĵƵĻͦɧģǿͣ
ְֿ϶㲻 
Фôһ˵ʱ俺ˣ鲻Խߣ˼ͣϢ
˵ԣʵͦɧģ˰ҰְH
΢İɡ 
Ҳɵ´ȣĬֹ١⺢һ˵ɶɶ 
õФִ˷ɻҵһ֧̣ĥĥȡ
꣬治·ɴֱʲôɣšľ͵ļ
Ƶ 
Ф˷ɻǿƵؿ˵Ұ
͵ȫңҪɣ˫У΢
죬͵ļƵţĴƨɣ̫ջ
ˣƵʱƨΪص㣬𣿡 
ФܵػӦףĩڼأȥ裡 
ϣФҴƵ˵ĵ治ҵҪ
ջĴƨΪ㣬ƨʱӺ͵ĵġ 
͵ΪϵʵФҴƵܲѵߣ
˼ͣǲһߣˣ⺢ӵܲô 
õФڿУʵˣʲôƽʱʲôã 
ȷģƽʱϲֻʣ
⼸á 
ȡûʲ࣬Ů˶İãҰ²䣬ɴ
ؿ˵͵裬ͦϲľͼ
ĴƨΪص㣬ȡĵøԸЩ 
ֻ͸¶˵ĺܶϢҸѺФ軥΢źѣ
Ҳ桸ƴࡹݴФȷˡƴࡹѣ
ʼ΢죬ڰвúԶ 
ФǷǳͶ͵Լ裬½ҷ͵ĵ
ƵȻջΪ˽㣬ô˲Σ͵ĵļ
˴ 
.
 
ſʹ桹ǰңǲ̫ѧʿѿ
һ£󲿷ڣ£ϵͳȻһ㣬ʦڵ
죬һʦĻʱǣСʱʵ;顣ڵ
ǰһһҹӣˣ 
;ĻϵͳһάǼǿϷְ
ҵʵǻָ֮ǰй˽رãսʿʿʦܶ
ǿˣǰǼҪﵽӦڷʦǣл֩롢
УѪİʿĿȻǹŬ弶 
;Ļ󲿷ҳˣĲ
ˣ֩룬ܵеͼˣ
󲿷ԾԵˣ  װֵǮˣÿ
ң൱ÿǮ 
Һѧ˽Ϊܴһ΢Ǯ
һ£ԽԽ˽עŵװϣװýңѧձ
ûʲôǮϷ໥ҡ 
Ȼͦҽ裬ҵĿǴһǮ˭ûн裬Ϸ
Ӵ˸ˣ֮ʶһк 
ка̣ϸһԼȷ˳׼
Ĺȷ·ҳƺΪˡ軥
΢źѣ֪ңţϲͬʱ
һϵĿݷʽϲڡƴࡹ
ܰڡƴࡹܸ 
ͨ˽ÿİٿǮںʮ飬Ұﰢ̵
ƴࡹˣȻ漴΢죬̵
ңǣģ˵ǣģҳƺ㡣 
ԺѸ˵ʽҰһ˫ɫ˿࣬΢֧
ˣ漴Ƶ󣬵ƵҵǮһ
㲻ԣλ㿰ǼƷŮǴɫ˿˫ȣ൱ջ 
һ˵ҼҲǮԣƴࡻ
϶ˣղ˿ʮǮҾϲָо㶮ðɣ 
ͷ˵ããϴ˵ǶĸȦͬã 
̾˿˵ںܶˣһ˵ϸΪƭӣ
̶Ǯƭʲô·Ҳиоϸ
ͣǰɣ 
˵ţ׵ĶãǸͷڣȦԽԽˣö
˵Լǣӣʵʲô˵ƭӡ 
εЦЦ漴˸ջƣֻ˵ϴĹˣ
ҽӴˣûʵ˽һȴʼ
ôʼġšо㾭ḻҲ·ҵ˰ɣ 
ͷ˵˫˿࣬˰ɣ 
㽫ֻƶ£һɫ˿ջ˫ȣֻû
ǰЦ˵Եʮǣʮ绢ҵʮ꣬Խ
ԽǿϹȴԽԽˣ˹ߵˣ
治ָо˼ؾͲˣҹˣ˵
ѽӴʵʲôԺҪ̡ǺǺǣˣ 
̿ʼ͸˵ˣ˷ܵ㣬贩ɫ˿
HϵҪ̻һ㣬ӦġȻ
Ͷ˫˿ɣ㴩ɫ˿ӣǷǳԸУȸ
˿ݵˣҪƵҿŶ 
˵Ҿϲ˿˿ȫɫģѾкöˣ
߰ɣ֮ǰҺϹͼټֶͣʽ
һòףҽôã 
˵ãѡɣѡˣѸˣҸ֧ 
˵ղ˵ˣǸоʲôҪš
ڡƴࡻѡѽͼңԼ򡣡 
˵Ȥ̫ˣһŷ򡣡 
˵ϹǰļټͣǴֲֲ֣
СӣģСͷһֱûףС
ʲôģ 
ҵ㿪ˡƴࡹҵ˵ּߣͼ˹ȥ
ͼƬļټͣͬʱ̼٣˵С
ӣÿסٵģܸƵ𶯡 
Ц˵ˣвţϹֱĵˣû
ףСǸʲôģ 
ҽŽܵļټͣôã÷صز
ƣȲ˷ˣʹڱСӼס٣𶯣һ
ܵ߳ȸ߳ʱͻȻпܴﵽ糱ȻҪŪ
ˣպû 
һ˷ܵ˵ˣ˾ھµ򣬵
ĵˣʵôã 
ֻõǰһ㷢һŹͼֻõ
ǰЦ˵ˣ׶̿װǸʼĵģ±һɫƤ
㣬һɫ£һҪȥͦȵģʹ
ɣ 
˵ãɫ˿࣬ȵ棬շ˿ 
˷ܵػӦõģˣҾͻϣ͸ģ 
ԼСʱ㷢һƵĴǸղŸҿĶ̿װ
ϴɫƤ˿࣬ϴһ˫ɫĸ߸Ь漴һ
֣ˣС⣬˳ͿݵСĵġ 
漴Ƶ˰̣ǳ˷ܣûФֱӾ
ԽߣֻͣڳϿҵͬʱǰһҪ
ʵH裬豻Hʱɫ˿͸ 
.
ġŮ 
˳ϵľ飬ҰФȷڡƴࡹ
ˣ˸ȷ΢죬Ĺη֣ȷҲţʵ
ŮУ򡣾ȷҲúԶҲҪһͨ
һ˽ŽһǮһ߸λԸŮ΢ˣ漴
ϷһأһŮ 
ŮأϷսʿֽСˮϷ
ʶˣһ΢źѣ˵ֽȣҳƺȣ
ʮ꣬ϸ 
УǸŮѰʶĿ
ҽңǿ⳥ҪĽȻǳ
ֱ˵ûô࣬Ǿȼ΢
ˡ 
ϷˣֱӸҷ΢Ƶ󣬵Ƶ
չʾһģֻصǰԿ˵壬
ĴˣƣǮܿ죬ͰҺðɡ 
Ҳɷʵ壿ôô𣿡 
磬˰ɣ磬ͽҽҰɣ׽裬һǧһΣ԰ɣ
Ҳδ꣬óĵطѾˣҲǴŮHˣ
ϼ֤ܲ⣡ 
ͷʵǣţԲϲ洫棬Ҫô
ʲô 
˽ǽܻǮһҵһǮҿʼΪڰ
ǮϷһģһڽң˶һ΢Ǯ·
һǮҲ֪ǷŸģھǽĸ
ǧǮֵɽϷﻹˣʣµǧʵû취
ʱϣܿøˣоһˣѾҪ
Ƿˡ 
Ҳɵ뵽磬ɣתһ룬ܣ
ǰѣǾöйȻѸ
ˣڰͱôаܵϷѧŸ 
Ƚ˵磬Ϸﶼ˵ƷãҵǮ㲻ϲ
۵ģҿ԰H裬ǣģᣬֵĶ
ߣ˺ɧ 
Ҿһǣôˡ 
ǿȵģȻģΪ˶ÿ촩÷ǳԸУ
ϲŮҰ΢ţ㹴ܰ蹴ϴ
ǵףԴͦǿͣȻҪ
㡭 
漴һֻ룬ַƬȻǳ
Уܵйƣֻͬ΢ţ˵ȥĹ
ͣ϶ͨ㡣Hҽ˽ʱԣH裬ܸϣ
˰ɣ㲻ܸ裬ҽ˸¶Ʒ 
±סˣַһԸƵ˷ܵ˵
ʵɣҺH. ô˵أеĴɻŮҲǱˮ
ͧοʱԻ룬豻H໽лأ
΢źţͣ 
һ֧̣ĥһε˵ʵʵ˵ҾǸ
˿ô˽ǮûʲôǮɣҾ
ǧңôӦңȻ˸˽ 
˷ܵغ磬̫ģԺHҲ
H裬һHĸŮҲܣ
϶ܡ 
ȻӦ˰æһҧŵ£ԣļ۸ˣ
跨ˣңһȡϷǷĸ
΢϶ı̬϶˽ˣ軥
΢źѣҺ˳΢졣 
ûѣƣȷʵǣģģƯԸУ
Ϊǿȵģƽʱʱ̸࣬жɧһŮ
Ϊ鵥꣬˵öֵ̬ǻӭȽ
Ȥãȫ˽¸ңҺܿĳ˸о 
ŸĸŮˣҽһ˽⵽ǵļڱԶ
ƿķڼҸʵʾǸֻ꣬һ˾Ӫ
УͨĩŻؼңѧϰɼȶÿοԶȾӵ֮ڡ 
ƽյĴŷ棬ŮӵĸоʵţŮһ
㶼У򡣵ĳоҸɴҲڡƴࡹȤо
·˿ʼʼ 
ȵʲô˶Ӵĵʶȷ㣬
أԸΪֱӣǵһУȸʶ
ǱߵȻˡ 
ȶҹĽչ˷ǳеعעÿ춼΢
üΣҸҳ˺ܶôHĽ飬Ūָо
ȻҾúܴ̼ 
.
塢ԩ 
һÿİٿǮĴ˽ϷͨӻŮ
ʶλԸŮ˵Ƿǳ飬ȴ̤ʵ
ſʹ桹ЩԾ벻Ҳû־ĲԾǾ
̤ʵʹĥһ뵽֮ﲻ̤ʵӦΪпһû
īˡ 
ȥ˵绰ī˵ǰؼסˣûϵң¥
סڣ¥кҹ¥˵໥Ź¥
˵ˮ٣ȷʵԽɾ;£һˣͦ˲
¥סˣԼһס£ֻ׶԰סᡣ 
ĥĥĴ£ھµģ¥϶ܿ
ʹˣûһϢīпдʶңȡȱ
ϹɣμҵĳУơ˫ľ´塻鱨վȥǲ
īʮӺšԼ̫˷ˣȥˣ 
˶ĳУ˳̰Сͣұʾͣ
ȥʳһʳϣ˳Уûý˺üˣ
ȼû˵ˣ¥ǰЩȷʵ˵£֮ǰ
۸С׶СƦӣС꣬϶໥Ź·ʱ
ǰҹʬʱ컹ûҪɿֻţͦ˲֪ 
ī㲻ǽʶҲҵҲ̤ʵˣһ죬δɽ
һˣ볣ȥ٩һ˳ԷȻңҰʱ˷
֮꣬ͣһǿӹҵǸн˼ϣһǷҵ
ǮŲס 
˵˿ʼ˳ԺȣҴοŵ˳˼ϣΪȥ
ҵĳ˼ϣײ˲ġ 
ʮҵͣôţκһ˸
ףȡףп˳ס 
һ˲֪ݣ˵ǸɣΪԼǸ¸
ˣɳ硣ǺƤԲȣȴ
ǸƣǸǸвˣ͵ 
˲˱ҥԽԽõվ
ƣʲôʱǮǼȺ޳Уһ
ָűǽƽϵСˣ˳ܵڱԼѹס
ûһµıĿ֮£˸дǰ
ϯˣûȳſھ˴ 
˲پƣ˯𴲣ֻһǣ£գ̲
סиڴϷһ΢תһܵ
Ƶ 
ֻ´ϴ꣬Ҹմ·۵
ͻȻһû˭ţͻȻ
죬˵Ұڵأסҵ˫֣ݺһͨ
Ҵɳ 
ɳҲ֪ȻɱС֣˰
ٽҸϽѵĸо磬ٽȫһʶҵӣֻǼ
˼䣬Ը͵˿ 
ӶǽһεĽܿдССӶ
ǽһĵϣƵϲӣ̷ܶ
˱׳Ϊ˶ħ 
η׳ƺӣұؽĺסʮˣ˵ɱ
ˣ˭û۸ңΪ¶ûԵͷҵ൱ 
ƽЩĥĥٽ϶ûãֻһ
ֵ¶ɴںһܣԸĹܽ˵оֵĲʿҽ
ѣٷְǱԩģҪϵλѣȳȥ˿϶
 
ҵѣ˿ҵʶĹϵ
ң˵ұԩӣȥֳʬ
ŹĽۣٽһõüֶӣ
֤ɸĶΪıɱҸɳ֣ӦܸԵؾ
ͻȥʬʸ쵼֤˲ıɱҵȻų
ˡ 
ŵķһ룬һص˺ɵ侲ĥĥ뵽
㣺һܸҵˣ϶ףڶԲݱץģ
ûб֣ԺԲˡ 
Ҫɻĵϣںˣ˹
ͶɵĻǸɽկ·װ˵ǳаһԱꡣ
һӻҸɵһ㲻棬йϵӲѣ๤û
ңϻ˺ӣһС۶кСӡ
 
С۶Ƕʮͷͣʮ㣬ˣ£Ѿ
ߵ·ϴ󣬴˹ɻһ
˽³ƺΪţĹ̴ܽк˿ⷿʵûʲôɸɣ
ڿⷿдţ漴Ǹţһֻ 
ҺǲʵôˣҲǮﻹ
㣡 
С۶˵κһطְ׺׵ˣڵҲ
šģûţ϶ᱻ磬
Ƕħ 
ʮ㣬Ҳǳ࣬С۶˵Եͷǹ
ĺͷФ±ߵǸɣһŰ̴һͷ룬Ƕ
ͼ̣ڿ̣Ϊݶ·Ҫˡڰ
֮имˣǸẒ́ܽûͷûüëǸһ 
С۶սң˵ǸնţŶǸ
ҪرͽͷФɡ磬϶ˣֻ˵ô࣬
֮ǧ϶ڶħǻ˭Ի
úͿ 
Һܸмص˵ͷС۶ŵֻƻװֻ
Լģ̽ʵǸţֻ̣ܽܰ㣬϶Ҳ
ʹɣ 
ţȫжţСɫС۶ֻݸңţ
ɵ˰ֻǮƳˣǮȻǮȫܲ
øɻֻںɻʱҲ˭õֻ
ס¾ͳȥ˵ģϵν 
˸СܣһûԵͷøɻ緹һ
ȣ漴һǳԾĵطøǿ׳ˣԵس
ƺˡ 
һܲ˰¾Ͳˣ̨ܲ
ûôãȴǱݱǿ׳ˣƺ˱ˣȻʲ
ô⡣ 
ԼΪαǿ׳ˣһʱôҲ벻ԵɣûȥѰ
𰸣ֻʱ׿ˣžϴԩȥ 
漴˶ۣıɱҵɾųˣûܱųȥ
ٽȻǲģ϶ҽԲᣬü֤ķһ
Ĵǳģﲻæˡ 
һҴӷϱΪԲᣬð˵׵İӡ
ɱųˣҲֻǵԼԲᣬڶħסһ
׼ 
ǷˣͨС۶ҵţһʱûյĸƷת
˿ҵֻøңȻڵɻʱ
΢֧Ǯˡ 
ħĶ಻ԶһĵΪ˿ũյļڵˣ
һ˱ɹλҺС۶ 
ũĺӣũ·С۶ɹ˲
죬קһװۣǮˣ̵ܽԻ˶ӣԸ
͵ҽҡ 
ڿҽңһˣһֱ̺׵Ķӵ
߰Сȫû֮ǰţڲҺȻŽͣ㲣
Ŀ͡ 
ͨС۶˽⵽߰ѱıɱүү֣Ժ
оСӵḬ̇ӵȻûԱڹڵĹϵ
׼µ־֮߰ûбִ̣˿Ȼ
̷ȻҪ͡ 
ȷˣ̺߰Ǹ̬ϵĶӣظо
߰ܿǱԩˡ 
                            δ